Modals for Deduction and Speculation: Should, May, Might, and Must

Modals are auxiliary verbs that are used to indicate the level of certainty or possibility of an action or situation. They can also indicate ability, permission, or obligation.

“Should,” “may,” “might,” and “must” are modals that are used to express deduction and speculation.

“Should” is used to express a strong probability or certainty. It is often used when giving advice or making a suggestion.

For example:

• “You should study for your exam.” (It’s a strong suggestion)
• “It should be sunny tomorrow.” (There’s a high probability of it being sunny)

“May” is used to express possibility or permission. It is often used when asking for or giving permission.

For example:

• “May I use your pen?” (Asking for permission)
• “You may leave early if you finish your work.” (Giving permission)

“Might” is used to express a less strong possibility than “may.” It is often used to express doubt or uncertainty.

For example:

• “It might rain later” (There’s a possibility of it raining but not a certainty)
• “I might go to the concert if I have time” (uncertainty of going to the concert)

“Must” is used to express a strong deduction or conclusion, often based on evidence or logical reasoning. It is also used to indicate an